Understanding The Business Process Change - 1285 Words

Understanding Business Process Change To speak intelligently about the importance of understanding business process change as it relates to employment, it is important to define what business process change means. In the simplest of terms, business process change is a modification to a company’s existing business process. This process could be manual, automated or both. The goal of such changes are to improve the performance and productivity of a company. Advances in technology and globalization are two of the major drivers behind the increased popularity of business process change. â€Å"Change and relentless competition calls for constant innovation and for constant increases in productivity†¦ both call for an intense focus on how work gets†¦show more content†¦After reviewing the videos, I realized that these changes could affect my department but did not realize to what extent. Had I fully understood the ramifications of these changes, could I have taken a few precautions? Possible but there is no guarantee. Concerning future employment plans, I hope to be on the positive end of any upcoming business process changes be it formal or informal. Organizational change: Formal or Informal In terms of organizational change, business process changes is a part of the overall process. It also includes reviewing and modifying management structures. Therefore, it is understandable why the term â€Å"organizational change† is often synonymous with the term organizational structure. Moreover, organizations have both a formal or informal structure. In today’s evolving business environment, globalization, technological advances, changing consumer demand, economic conditions and competition are significant drivers that change how businesses operate. Characteristic organizational change can include three main stages: establishing the need for the change, implementation of said change and monitoring the change. Regardless of the scope and impact of the organizational change, the need for formal process changes are key to effective organizational change. Formal process

Compare and Contrast the Philosophical Contributions...

In order to begin analyzing Aristotle and Descartes contribution to our notion of a person, we need to be able to understand what the term ‘personhood means. Unfortunately there is no clear answer, with philosophers still presenting conflicting ideas. However by asking questions such as; is ‘personhood identical to human being? What is the essence of a person? What relation does a person have with the world? When does personhood begin? At what point if ever does it end? And finally what makes a good person? We move closer to a set of characteristics that make up a person. Therefore we can judge Aristotle and Descartes contribution to a person by evaluating their answers to such questions. Personhood being purely a human phenomenon is†¦show more content†¦Drawing on predessesors and Christian theologians view that the soul is the essence of a person, Descartes adds to the theory of the soul that it is located and connected to the body in the pineal gland. And as the organ is unique to humans, he is able to conclude that animals do not have souls, and therefore do not have the essence of a person. However, Descartes theory of the pineal gland has been almost universally rejected, mainly because his anatomical assumptions were wrong, as the pineal gland is not as Descartes said; suspended in the middle of the ventricles and is not surrounded by arteries but veins. Aristotle uses biology contrastingly to distinguish between animals and humans. A most notible difference is on the issue of animals having souls, in which Aristotle believes animals do have souls whilst maintaining personhood as only a human phenomena. Unlike Descartes rationalist approach, Aristotle being an empiricist believes that the ultimate source of knowledge is perception, and that we arrive at concepts firstly from experience and then we use reason to understand them. Through observation Aristotle is then able to allocate parts of the soul (what he refers to as the psuche) to species, enabling him toShow MoreRelatedExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words   |  94 Pagesthings have a set of characteristics that make them what they are, amp; that the task of science and philosophy is their discovery amp; expression; the doctrine that essence is prior to existence While, Existentialism:A philosophical theory or approach, that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free amp; responsible agent, determining their own development through acts of the will. Existentialism * is a philosophical term which posits that individuals createRead MoreHerbert Spencer Essay13142 Words   |  53 Pagespublished in 1859, completed Spencers evolutionary system by providing the mechanism by which organic evolution occurred. Spencer enthusiastically elaborated on Darwins process of natural selection, applying it to human society, and made his own contribution in the notion of survival of the fittest. From the beginning Spencer applied his harsh dictum to human society, races, and the state - judging them in the process: If they are sufficiently complete to live, they do live, and it is well theyRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 PagesNote on the Translation by Bertrand Augst When Film Language was translated, nearly twenty years ago, very few texts about semiotics and especially film semiotics were available in English. Michael Taylor s translation represents a serious effort to make Metz s complicated prose, filled with specialized vocabularies, accessible to a public unfamiliar with the concepts and terms of semiotics. Excepting the inadequate translation of a few words which either cannot be translated into English or onlyRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesattract readers. Stanley Baronett. Jr., University of Nevada Las Vegas Far too many authors of contemporary texts in informal logic – keeping an eye on the sorts of arguments found in books on formal logic – forget, or underplay, how much of our daily reasoning is concerned not with arguments leading to truth-valued conclusions but with making choices, assessing reasons, seeking advice, etc. Dowden gets the balance and the emphasis right. Norman Swartz, Simon Fraser University v Acknowledgments

Are locusts next Essay Example For Students

Are locusts next? Essay Floods and fires play havoc with theatres economic stability July was the cruelest of months for the Iowa Summer Rep. Instead of audience members vehicles, the weekend of July 10 saw the parking lot of the Iowa City theatre filled with assorted carp and silverfish, none of whom had the slightest interest in seeing The Kentucky Cycle. As the Iowa River rose past the mark it is only supposed to reach once every 500 years, artistic director Eric Forsythe watched his pre-Broadway coup float away from his grasp. Over in Des Moines, the good customers of the Ingersoll Dinner Theatre were enjoying the first act of Annie when the river suddenly overwhelmed the local power station and all of the lights in the theatre went out. The Ingersoll then lost its water supply for several weeks, giving owner Charles Carnes his worst summer in memory. Cut off from civilization And at about the same time in Arrow Rock, Mo., Michael Bollinger was wondering if the selection of both The Rainmaker and Singing in the Rain for the same summer season had been asking for trouble. The Lyceum Theatre had just spent $700,000 on a brand new 338-seat theatre facility just one mile from the Missouri River. A 100-foot bluff saved the building from being swallowed by water, but the tiny town of Arrow Rock became virtually cut off from civilization as one road after another was closed down. That made it virtually impossible for audiences from Columbia or Kansas City to reach the theatre. After the local water treatment plant was flooded, bewildered imported actors from New York and Los Angeles were forced to drink from cans and take showers in plastic bags. Meanwhile, Bollinger and his staff were busy fielding hundreds of cancelled reservations. Theatres across the Midwest are still counting the costs of last summers unparalleled floods which played havoc with programming across the region, disrupting audiences and bank balances well into the fall. Although the floods came at a time when many regional houses were dark, summer and year-round operations across Illinois, Iowa and Missouri found themselves thrust into chaos. Debbie Denenberg of Missouris historic Goldenrod Showboat, based in St. Charles, Mo., estimates that the commercial operation lost over $250,000 when the boat was forced to shut down for its entire summer season of 14 weeks after the Mississippi suddenly became a less-than-calm place to pass a few hours. The reliable Goldenrod may have continued to float, as it has since 1909, but that did not mean anybody without his own boat could get anywhere near the banks of the river. Doused by the media Ironically, even theatres that remained relatively unscathed by the floods suffered from the common media-induced perception that an entire region of the country was under siege. Thanks to a floodwall, the town of Rock Island, Ill. was not flooded like the communities on the other side of the river. Still, the Circa-21 Dinner Theatre had to watch its precious bus parties cancel in droves all summer long. People thought we were all under water, complains producer Dennis Hitchcock. The flood really affected everyones attitude. The social problems caused by the disaster also had an unpleasant effect this autumn when theatres began to look to local businesses for their customary financial support. That problem was particularly acute in St. Louis, where many economically devastated residents were made homeless, and where many corporations diverted their usual philanthropic arts monies towards flood relief. Last season we had major corporate sponsors for three of our mainstage shows, says Ronald J. Himes of the St. Louis Black Repertory Company. This year we have only one. .u656c4d0b56e20a9ccd63386c6d880263 , .u656c4d0b56e20a9ccd63386c6d880263 .postImageUrl , .u656c4d0b56e20a9ccd63386c6d880263 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u656c4d0b56e20a9ccd63386c6d880263 , .u656c4d0b56e20a9ccd63386c6d880263:hover , .u656c4d0b56e20a9ccd63386c6d880263:visited , .u656c4d0b56e20a9ccd63386c6d880263:active { border:0!important; } .u656c4d0b56e20a9ccd63386c6d880263 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u656c4d0b56e20a9ccd63386c6d880263 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u656c4d0b56e20a9ccd63386c6d880263:active , .u656c4d0b56e20a9ccd63386c6d880263:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u656c4d0b56e20a9ccd63386c6d880263 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u656c4d0b56e20a9ccd63386c6d880263 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u656c4d0b56e20a9ccd63386c6d880263 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u656c4d0b56e20a9ccd63386c6d880263 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u656c4d0b56e20a9ccd63386c6d880263:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u656c4d0b56e20a9ccd63386c6d880263 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u656c4d0b56e20a9ccd63386c6d880263 .u656c4d0b56e20a9ccd63386c6d880263-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u656c4d0b56e20a9ccd63386c6d880263:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: New faces EssayThe Repertory Theatre of St. Louis also had great trouble this fall trying to remind subscribers that it was time to renew, when most peoples minds were occupied with issues extratheatrical. Everyones attention was focused on recovering from the flood problems, says managing director Mark Bernstein. People were telling our telemarketers that they were completely tapped out. After a strong start to the annual campaign, the theatre finished with 500 subscribers fewer than the previous year, a drop that Bernstein attributes to residual problems from the summers disaster. Even though it suffered no direct flood damage, Iowa Citys Riverside Theatre has also seen its subscription base collapse. There has been a malaise over the entire community, says artistic director Ron Clark. People have had to choose between season tickets and new carpeting or dry wall. The theatre has lost 400 percent of its season subscribers, causing worrying financial instability. There is, of course, no midwestern monopoly on Acts of God. Just ask anyone who works on the West Coast. The Laguna Beach Playhouse came within inches of burning to a cinder last October, when fires swept across southern California. Embers landed on the theatres property, igniting grass just 100 feet from the building. Managing director Richard Stein stationed his loyal technical staff on the roof of the theatre, where they hosed down both the building and any adjacent trees. With cars parked ready for a quick evacuation and wearing respirator masks hurriedly pulled from the scene shop, staffers and volunteers frantically backed up computer data and loaded valuables into a van. Happily, the fire ultimately turned in a different direction and the theatre remained untouched, faring better than much of the rest of Laguna Beach. Importance of being insured What are the lessons to be learned from these theatres encounters with natural disaster? First, there is the importance of good insurance. The Laguna Beach Playhouse has recently added business interruption to its list of coverages. The fire made us all realize how vulnerable we were, says Stein. And that additional coverage was really not especially costly. Good communication with audience members is also important when crises hit. The same afternoon of the fire, Stein was calling the local press to reassure people that the theatre was unharmed. Bollinger made sure the whole region knew that performances at Arrow Rocks Lyceum were continuing as scheduled,even if audiences were both wet and tiny. Looking back with hindsight, the Iowa Summer Reps Forsythe regrets his understandable decision to cancel performances of The Kentucky Cycle one day at a time, hoping that at least some performances could be saved. That pattern of uncertainty was confusing for the audience, he now believes. When we rescheduled in the fall, people did not believe that we were really back. Instead of the theatres customary 95 percent of capacity, The Kentucky Cycle played in August to houses that were half empty. When disaster strikes, communities invariably pull together, giving theatres the chance to demonstrate their willingness to give something back to their supporters and enjoy some positive public relations. The Laguna Beach Playhouse gave away 200 tickets to local firefighters and wrote personal letters to subscribers who had lost their homes. Circa-21 offered free South Pacific tickets to Red Cross volunteers working on flood relief. Actors from the St. Louis Rep performed for families in flood shelters, and other St. Louis companies donated money from concession stands and lobby collections to relief efforts. Theatres throughout the region adopted a liberal exchange and refund policy, cheerfully returning the money of anyone who was waterlogged and unable to make it to any performance. If there was a positive side to the recent natural disasters, perhaps it was that many companies enjoyed a new sense of their value to their host communities. The Lyceums Bollinger especially enjoyed a local news report interviewing a motorist stuck in pouring rain on a flooded Interstate 70 in the middle of nowhere. I have to get through, the woman shouted to the sodden reporter. I have tickets for the theatre. .ud31892006ee314857b35ce0ab07c91b6 , .ud31892006ee314857b35ce0ab07c91b6 .postImageUrl , .ud31892006ee314857b35ce0ab07c91b6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud31892006ee314857b35ce0ab07c91b6 , .ud31892006ee314857b35ce0ab07c91b6:hover , .ud31892006ee314857b35ce0ab07c91b6:visited , .ud31892006ee314857b35ce0ab07c91b6:active { border:0!important; } .ud31892006ee314857b35ce0ab07c91b6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud31892006ee314857b35ce0ab07c91b6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud31892006ee314857b35ce0ab07c91b6:active , .ud31892006ee314857b35ce0ab07c91b6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud31892006ee314857b35ce0ab07c91b6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud31892006ee314857b35ce0ab07c91b6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud31892006ee314857b35ce0ab07c91b6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud31892006ee314857b35ce0ab07c91b6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud31892006ee314857b35ce0ab07c91b6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud31892006ee314857b35ce0ab07c91b6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud31892006ee314857b35ce0ab07c91b6 .ud31892006ee314857b35ce0ab07c91b6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud31892006ee314857b35ce0ab07c91b6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Robert Schlosser: reinventing the audience EssayChris Jones writes about theatre in the Midwest for Variety.

The Bottom Billion

Table of Contents Introduction Elements Solutions Elements That Do Not Match With Liberalism Realism Constructivism Works Cited Introduction The Bottom Billion was authored by Paul Collier and was published in two 2007. In his book, Collier explores the reasons behind persistent poverty in developing countries. The citizens of these countries continue to live in abject poverty in spite of the international aid. He points out that, in more than fifty-eight countries, there are an approximated one billion people who seem to be irredeemably stuck in poverty. Some of this people have never felt the impact of foreign aid.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Bottom Billion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to him, these people are trapped in poverty. Their living standards are plundering when the living standards of other people in other nations are improving. Life expectancy has sharply dropped to forty y ears as compared to sixty-seven years in the stable nations. Child mortality has grown up. The percentage of children who do not live to see their first birthday now stands at fourteen percent in comparison with a four percent in developed countries. Collier explains how the western governments give misplaced assistance to the poor nations. He argues that they have to do much more than giving them money. These developed nations and the aid agencies must shift from the traditional approaches of poverty alleviation. The methods have seemingly failed to work. The poverty syndrome has defeated them and, therefore, a new prescription has to be found. He puts forward solutions both to the developing countries and the western powers over what he feels should be done to pull these people out of poverty. Elements Paul Collier believes that these people are trapped. In his examination of the causes of poverty level among the bottom billion, he says that these people are concentrated in Africa and central Asia. He outlines the following as his reasons for stagnancy. The Conflict trap There are persistent civil wars and repeated military coups in these nations. These wars eat too much into funds that would have been directed to other sectors of the economy for development. The wars are extremely costly and incur large economic costs to these nations. Similarly, years after the war or coups are extremely delicate and fragile. These countries easily and painfully slip back due to the wars. This causes a recurrent situation with wars or coups succeeding other coups. During wars, a clique of people from poor countries and foreign countries strike out a beneficial deal, whereby they benefit from the war. They supply either arms or ammunitions to the fighting groups. In return, they are allowed to extract the natural resources that they export hence enrich themselves. These actions aggravate the situation, which ensures that conflicts are sustained. In most cases, the corrupt keep winning, making it extremely impractical for these nations to develop.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Natural Resources Trap The bottom billion nations have peculiar characteristics. Some of these are extremely ironical. The abundance of natural resources has become a curse. Nations endowed with resources have the worst instability as compared to those that have few resources. Collier attributes this to various reasons. The availability of the resources creates room for conflict. There are competing interests over the same resources, which is a cause of conflict. The second point he puts forward is that the presence of resources is a source of income to governments. The government, therefore, does not tax its citizens. This makes the population lack the necessity to hold their government accountable as far as financial spending is concerned. This is an open window for go vernment officials who would be handed a blank check when it comes to expenditure. Most of these officials misuse the opportunity to satisfy their selfish interests. The presence of valuable natural resources that are exploited impacts negatively on other competitive sectors of the economy. Generation of income from this exploitation leads to currency valuation and other industries are affected. In Collier’s opinion, globalization has made matters worse. The resources that are extracted in these nations end up in stable countries. This contributes to the persistence of problems. Landlocked countries Some countries that fall in the bottom billion category are landlocked. This comes in two perspectives. The naturally landlocked nations do not have a coastline. This restricts their accessibility to the world through the seas. This means that they only access the world via their neighbors. Poor infrastructure network makes their link with neighbors inaccessible. This hinders su ch countries from fully exploiting their economic potential. The other problem comes when the nation is landlocked, and furthermore its neighbors have serious instabilities. This bit cuts off the developing nation from the rest of world. These challenges pose a serious threat and make it extremely impractical for these nations to tap from the world economic growth. Bad governance Paul Collier argues that poor governance critically affects small countries. This is caused by regular military coups that overthrow legitimate government. Another effect is that corruption tilts the electorate to lean towards poor leaders. It is also said that some stable nations literally interfere with these nations by funding politicians who cannot run an economy. He explains that unstructured governments with incapable leaders destroy economies of the countries at an alarming speed. Developing nations have a low cost of living. This should be an exceptionally good ground for investors with a labor-in tensive work. However, investors are scared due to the unpredictability of the security condition.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Bottom Billion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These nations are also unknown. Investors, therefore, opt to invest in more development countries such as China. Investment that would have served to improve these nations is channeled elsewhere (Collier 26). Solutions Paul Collier clearly explains that the development and political stability of these nations are essential to the stability of the world at large. Therefore, the West has a moral responsibility to put to an end the problems and sufferings that people of these nations face. Collier, in his book, proposes measures that are pragmatic financially, but quite challenging to governmental institutions. He believes that in order for these nations to succeed the following measures should be considered. The aid agencies should ta ke risks. He elaborates that the agencies have to concentrate on extremely risky and difficult environments. For instance, the population may not be knowledgeable enough to question the accountability of their governments. This may require among other things educating the citizenry on accountability. The governments of the poor nations would fight these steps hard. They may respond by deporting foreign staff. However, if there is unity of purpose among these agencies, they will succeed. The second measure that he outlines is appropriate military intervention. He avers that, during these persistent civil strives, the western powers should launch a carefully calibrated assault on the warring factions. He gives the example of the British intervention in Sierra Leone. This will guarantee democratic governments success over the militia groups that are corrupt and only seek to mismanage the economy through misappropriation of funds for personal gain. The newly instituted governments ought to bring in new laws, which should be against corruption. The third approach proposed by Collier addresses the international organizations. He urges the organizations to ratify charters with the ethics of protocol. The charters are to be drafted and enforced to encourage good governance. He finally urges the western powers to adopt free trade policies with the bottom billion getting preferences for their export products. The external market will be opened to these nations, and in the process, they will learn a lot.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Elements That Do Not Match With Liberalism Paul Collier may have discussed exceeding many factors that favor liberalism. However, some of his arguments do not categorically match with liberalism. Taking a position to explain that the availability of resources reduces the citizens’ capacity to hold the government accountable is vague. The resource availability, however, much they generate an income, can never influence the government to a level that it can stop taxing the population. The government has to tax its citizenry in order to get adequate finances. His explanation of this point leaves us with a notion that nations in the bottom billion are ruled through laissez-faire. This form of leadership no longer exist Some of his proposed solutions will not work towards liberalization, particularly military intervention in the civil war times. The aim of his proposals is to save the citizenry from the cruelty of these countries. Regular military action, however, well choreograph ed, will attract resistance from the population. When the troops are in war, citizens will feel the heat. This will be referred to as collateral damage. Examples can be drawn from Iraq, Afghanistan, and Somalia. The US intervened, but it faced roadblocks from the population. War will also destroy the infrastructure, which he points out as a necessity. NATO attacked Libya to help the rebels overthrow Ghaddafi’s government. He was toppled, but the country was left with serious infrastructural problems. Realism Looking at Paul Collier’s arguments that lean towards liberalism, some of his evaluations and proposals conflict sharply with some realism facts. While Collier lays his foundation on striving to ensure equality among all nations, realists believe that world politics are guided by self-interests. Collier’s bottom billion argues with the mind that the western powers can pull the poor states from poverty for the benefit of the poor states stability. Realists ju stifiably argue that self-interests dictate the engagement with other nations. Collier quotes the British involvement in Sierra Leone. He does not state the British interests in the involvement. There were British interests. That is why realists had justifiable reasons to assert that states engagements with others are based on self-interests. By recommending military interventions, Collier is insinuating that other states can control other sovereign states. This is not practical. In realism, sovereign states cannot be dictated. For example, The British intervened in Sierra Leone. The nation still fights to date. The US intervened in Iraq and Somalia, but the civil wars persist to date. The main reason is that once the citizens sink to the idea that they are sovereign, and then will resist any attempt by foreign powers to interfere with the domestic affairs. He disagrees with the idea that states will always attain resources. He does not state the role of the US in the Democratic Rep ublic of Congo. The reasons behind government treaties and too much allocation of cash for exploration clearly approve the realist approach that nations are constantly seeking to increase their resources. Whereas Collier wants both the Western powers and International organizations to take serious steps to change the bottom billion, he forgets that these multinational organizations are run by the sovereign states. These states choose the officials and fund them. It is, therefore, in order to concur with realists that multinationals do not have independent influence. The West must determine what multinationals do because they give the funds to them. For several years, donors have demanded that the government of Ghana should align and harmonize its programs to suit their rules. There have been calls from donors to change the funding modalities from focusing on one sector to a budget support modality. In 2006 and 2008, donors contributed an approximated 13.8 percent and 14.33 percent o f the budget respectively Neo-realism also called structural realism states that nations are primary actors because no political monopoly is above existing states. Collier encourages the west to intervene militarily in the civil war cases. He forgets that they have failed before and will fail again if the same mistakes are repeated. If citizens reject then it is over. Collier cries out that war is costly, and the money should have done better projects had the regions been peaceful. This is quite intriguing because he goes ahead to call for military intervention. The question is who foots the costs of the war by the West. Realists assert that Countries must constantly prepare for conflict through economic and military buildup. Constructivism Paul Collier’s ideas happen to cut across the human life. He puts forward some ideologies that conflict with the constructivism theory in international relations. Collier lays almost all the problems of development on resources. He forgets to evaluate the hidden factors such as competition for natural resources. Constructivism holds the view that primarily shared ideas rather than material forces determine associations. There are goals, needs, and intentions behind the rivalry over resources. This is a fact that constructionists hold dearly. Collier fails to capture the interests of other states in the nations in the bottom billion. He notes that the third support persistent civil strives that would lead to fragile conditions immediately after the war. This makes countries constantly at war. The best example is the Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, and Sudan. Proponents of constructionist state that international relation is a social construction. This is built over time. In Collier’s bottom billion, he believes that all solutions to problems of the third world rest with the Western powers and international organizations. It is impractical for a western government to move into one of the countries that fal l in the bottom billion and install changes with an immediate impact. Therefore, social constructionist becomes more applicable. The ideologies have a great effect and can easily trump the materialistic power. The effects are far reaching. This is why the perception is very important. Collier opposes this by proposing actions that seek instant material changes. Instead of suggesting institutional changes, he agitates for military deployment to install democratic governments. These attempts have failed elsewhere due to what constructs call perception. The effectiveness of the donor-funded project is evaluated using the indicators designed by citizens. For instance, the community might use scorecards to establish the effectiveness of the project. Works Cited Collier, Paul. The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries Are Failing and What Can Be Done About It. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. Print This essay on The Bottom Billion was written and submitted by user Nickolas Roth to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Border States of the Civil War

The Border States of the Civil War Border states was the term applied to a set of states which fell along the border between North and South during the Civil War. They were distinctive not merely for their geographical placement, but also because they had remained loyal to the Union even though slavery was legal within their borders. Another characteristic of a border state would be that a considerable anti-slavery element was present within the state which meant that, while the economy of the state would not have been heavily tied to the institution of slavery, the population of the state could present thorny political problems for the Lincoln administration. The border states are generally considered to have been Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri. By some reckonings, Virginia was considered to have been a border state although it did eventually secede from the Union to become part of the Confederacy. However, part of Virginia split away during the war to become the new state of West Virginia, which could then be considered a fifth border state. Political Difficulties and the Border States The border states posed particular political problems for President Abraham Lincoln as he tried to guide the nation during the Civil War. He often felt the need to move with caution on the issue of slavery, so as not to offend the citizens of the border states and that tended to annoy Lincolns own supporters in the North. The situation greatly feared by Lincoln, of course, was that being too aggressive in dealing with the issue of slavery might lead the pro-slavery elements in the border states to rebel and join the Confederacy which could be disastrous. If the border states joined the other slave  states in rebelling against the Union, it would have given the rebel army more manpower as well as more industrial capacity. Furthermore, if the state of Maryland joined the Confederacy, the national capital, Washington, D.C., would be put in the untenable position of being surrounded by states in armed rebellion to the government. Lincoln’s political skills managed to keep the border states within the Union, but he was often criticized for actions he took that some in the North interpreted as appeasement of border state slave owners. In the summer of 1862, for instance, he was condemned by many in the North for telling a group of African American visitors to the White House about a plan to send free blacks to colonies in Africa. When prodded by Horace Greeley, the legendary editor of the New York Tribune, to move faster to free slaves 1862, Lincoln responded with a famous and deeply controversial letter. The most prominent example of Lincoln paying heed to the particular circumstances of the border states would be in the Emancipation Proclamation, which stated that slaves in states in rebellion would be freed. Its notable that the slaves in the border states, and thereby part of the Union, were not set free by the proclamation. The ostensible reason for Lincoln excluding the slaves in the border states from the Emancipation Proclamation was that the proclamation was a wartime executive action and thus only applied to the slave states in rebellion- but it also avoided the issue of freeing slaves in border states which could, perhaps, have led some of the states to rebel and join the Confederacy.

Company analysis of Ooredoo (previously known as Q-tel) Research Paper

Company analysis of Ooredoo (previously known as Q-tel) - Research Paper Example The company is headquartered in Doha, Qatar and is growing ambitiously by capturing the opportunities that exist in the emerging market in the world. The Ooredoo Group operates with a wide range of brands in the communication industry and provides a collection of services which include mobile telephones, broadband, digital technologies and fibre technologies to serve their customer and the business industry. The core vision of Ooredoo is to enrich the lives of the people by being the leading communications company at the international stage. The Ooredoo group is committed to let their customer live their aspiration. This has been achieved for a huge customer base in international societies who are closely connected with their operators. The operators of Ooredoo keep close linkages with the communities and fulfil their daily needs. The markets of Ooredoo are present in Iraq, Indonesia, Oman, Algeria, Tunisia, Kuwait, Maldives, Palestine and Qatar. The chairman of Ooredoo, H.E. Sheikh Abdullah Bin Mohammed Bin Saud Al Thani enjoys the status of minister of state and has been instrumental in implementing effective corporate governance, corporate accountability and maximizing the wealth of its shareholders. In line with the vision statement, Ooredoo has a mission to become the leading international communications company in the world. ... For this Ooredoo maintains underlying ethics of true financial disclosures. Ooredoo group is committed to fulfil its corporate social responsibility by extending support to the communities and groups for charities in Qatar thereby returning the benefits to the society. The group also has a vision of contributing actively to social causes in the field of healthcare, education, sports, environmental aspects and welfare of the society. Ooredoo supports the national program for spreading awareness towards electronic wastes and their disposal techniques which helps in protecting the environment. Apart from that the company sponsors school events, educational projects. Ooredoo also supported construction of a full-fledged kidney dialysis centre in Qatar. As an outcome of adhering to the core values in line with the vision and mission statement, Ooredoo has achieved an eight fold growth from $800 million to $7.5 billion at the end of 2010 under the leadership of its management. Identificati on of stakeholders The stakeholders of the Ooredoo have increased as the company has expanded its operations in several markets all over the world by catering to the emerging needs in telecommunication. Ooredoo being a leading international communications company has both internal as well as the external stakeholders. The chairman of the Board of Directors, the governing body, representatives of the government and representatives of the private sector present in the governing body, the shareholders of the company and the employees of Ooredoo comprise of the internal stakeholders. The framework of policies of the organisation and implementing of those

Control System -inkwell Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Control System -inkwell - Coursework Example A review of this system is targeted at enhancing how the company handles its employees’ remuneration and other work packages. In this report, the chosen system for review is the payroll system, whose investigations are expected to provide a summation of the entire accounting system that is in operation in the organisation. A study of Inkwell’s payroll system shall entail an in-depth examination of the organisational activities such as the tax management, tracking of taxes that have been withheld, analysis of the record of hours employees work, and a record of the paychecks issued to employees (Bragg, 2006.p.125-129). To assess the payroll system being used by the company with the motive to provide recommendations for its improvement in efficient employee management. The payroll system, being a core accounting system is essential to the management as it streamlines the organisation’s ability to stay on top of its regulatory and legal responsibilities. Therefore, this report shall seek to identify the weaknesses within the organisation’s payroll system, and determine the needs that require improvement. Therefore, the report shall outline the cost-benefits analysis of implementing the payroll system’s improvements in Inkwell Limited (Bragg, 2003.p.85-92). It is expected that as a result of this review, it would be possible for the payroll system being used to effectively process payroll reports that can be used to make tax withholding summaries. The covering of this system’s evaluation in this report has been achieved as part of an accounting assessment, which is part of the AAT level 4 accounting. 2.1 Inkwell Limited is a Limited Company with a larger section of its operations majored in the private sector. However, its specialisation in the re-manufacturing or re-cycling of used laser toner and printer cartridges. The company’s sales targets are achieved by distributing its products through a nationwide chain that comprises over 60 high